Role of McCarthyism in Red Scare Movement and the Hollywood Blacklist: Analytical Essay

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The dictionary definition of Blacklist is a list of persons under suspicion, disfavor, censure, etc.’ Blacklist refers to banning or rejecting something or someone. Those who use blacklists separate the negative from the positive. Blacklists are used for anything but it depends on the action taken after the list is made that make it legal or not. Phone companies are highly involved with blacklists and so are employment companies. Blacklists also has a history in the U.S. Blacklists were the cause of the Red Scare Movement, which led to the Hollywood Blacklist.

The word blacklist was first used as a phrase by Philip Massinger in 1639 (‘Blacklist.’ Encyclopedia Britannica, Chicago, 2009. Elibrary). Massinger was born in 1583 and died in 1639. As a dramatist in the sixteenth century, Massinger co authored several plays with other dramatist like Thomas Dekker, John Fletcher and more., and he also authored his own plays like A New Way to Pay Old Debts, The City Madam and The Roman Actor. He used the word blacklist when he was describing one of his tragedy plays. Of his plays, four of them was considered a tragedy,’ Believe As List, The Duke of Milan, The Roman Actor, and The Unnatural Combat which is the one he described with blacklist.

There arent several types of blacklists, but there are many several things you can put on a blacklist. For example, several websites have been blacklisted in the past and continue to be listed nowadays. Websites are blacklisted through mailing lists. One way you can check if a website is blacklisted is if search engines like Google and Bing remove them from it their index as it is stated on the Cucan website, In the context of websites, blacklisting refers to the process of search engines removing a website from their index.  (Website Security Guide: What Is a Google Blacklist | Sucuri. Sucuri Security, 7 Feb. 2019, sucuri.net/guides/what-is-google-blacklist.) that is one of the ways you can tell when a website is on a blacklisted. The way the search engines decide whether a website is to be blacklisted or not, is they constantly search over the net and look for any websites that are potentially being hacked. With the help of several websites like Cucan and GeekFlare, you can type in a website domain or IP address and check to see if it is blacklisted.

Similar to the websites, several companies use employment blacklists. An employment blacklist is when you are being restrained by your previous employer for a job. You can end up being unemployed for several months to years, if you do end up being list. Out of the fifty states in the United States, twenty-nine have statutes on blacklisting, as it states an article by Valerie Bolden-Barrett (Bolden-Barrett, Valerie. Employment Laws on Blacklisting. Chron.com, 21 Nov. 2017, work.chron.com/employment-laws-blacklisting-10369.html.). There are several ways for you to end up on a blacklist. First impressions are everything in the business industry, during an interview, if the interviewer thinks youre being to desperate they might choose to blacklist you. Another thing is not asking questions, it gives off a bad vibe and it represents you in a negative way. Your employer will start to think that youre not actually interested in the job and that your just in it for the money. Another thing that can earn you a spot on a blacklist is sabotaging a companies name and reputation on your resume. While youre employed, you can still be blacklisted. While working, if you are caught acting out in any way, that can cost you. She also mentioned in her article that the states who dont have any laws still investigate blacklisting. Many laws have been made on employment blacklists in different states, they all revolve around the idea that it is illegal to deliberately prohibit someone from being hired in the future. The consequences for that actions in some states is either a civil offense, a crime, or even both. If your former employer doesnt tell that they put you on a blacklist, which is a law in most states, then you find out whether you were listed or not. If you are looking for a job, especially a job where a specific skill is needed, and you cant close a deal on the job, than that;s a sign of you maybe being listed. Another sign of being blacklisted is if its hard for you to look for a job and economic setting that is good. When the economy is good, looking for a job should be a little easy but, but if you get constantly denied than your most like on a blacklisted. If you think you are blacklisted, depending on what state you live in, your former employer has to inform you that they are blacklisting you, it a law it most states. If you live in a state that has a law against not telling people about blacklisting them, then you have the right to go ask them.

If youve ever received the same email over and over again, then you most likely were experiencing an email blacklist. An email blacklist is set to send an email repeatedly, or as some people know it as spam. Depending on the blacklist that sends the spam, that determines the impact it has. Websites like Spamcannibal, NoSolicitado, and Lashback have little impact, but its the websites similar to Spamhaus that lead to bounces impacting more than the smaller sites. If you do discover that your on a blacklist, you should try to get your IP address removed from the website as soon as possible. One of the best way to remove yourself from a blacklist, is to have an expert in deliverability with you when you landscape your ISP. According to the SendGrid site you can reduce risk of being added to a list again, Reputation monitoring is the key to maximum email deliverability. By closely monitoring your complaint rates, you can prevent delivery failures before they happen. Check your stats with each campaign deployment and look for delivery dips and low engagement rates.(Martinez, Luke. Avoiding Email Blacklists. SendGrid, 26 Feb. 2019, sendgrid.com/blog/avoiding-email-blacklists/). This isnt a for sure going to stop your emails from being blacklisted, but it lowers the chances of it happening again.

Many questions have been asked about credit card blacklist, but they dont exist. One blacklist you may have heard of is phone blacklisted. Unlike websites, emails and employers, a phone is blacklisted when its reported lost or stolen. In order for a phone to be blacklisted, the ESN or IMEI number has to be reported by the original owner or the carrier. Used phones that are sold are usually the phones that are listed. To check whether a phone is on a list, you can check the IMEI/ESN numbers. Once you find the numbers, which are usually located on the battery or in the settings of the phone, call the carrier of the phone. If you do find out that the phone is listed, return the phone to the original owner or the carrier it belongs to. If you are caught with a phone that has been listed, services on the phone start to shut down and sometimes the authorities will track the phone and take from you personally. Returning a blacklisted phone is not easy, and it is very time consuming. When a phone is blocked, only the carrier of the phone can remove it or the original owner can, according to the AT&T Mobility Care, (Help Me! Blacklisted Phone. AT&T Support Community, 18 Aug. 2018, forums.att.com/t5/Wireless-Account/help-me-Blacklisted-Phone/td-p/4058568). If you go the opposite route and keep the phone, you will still get all the abilities of a normal phone except for cellular data, and whats the point of buying a phone you cant call off of, you might as well buy a brand new one yourself.

The blacklist has a big history in the United States, one the biggest blacklists in U.S. history is the Red Scare Movement. In the mid nineteen hundreds between the nineteen forties and fifties, hundreds of people were blacklisted and labeled as a threat to the communist, this was the start of one of the Red Scares. According to the Oxford research encyclopedia, The second Red Scare refers to the fear of communism that permeated American politics, culture, and society from the late 1940s through the 1950s.(Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History, 8 June 2017, oxfordre.com/americanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-6,). It’s been said that the Second Scare was a longer time period than the first one, which took place after World War 1 in the early nineteen hundreds. The Second Scare aslo more persuasive than the first. The Second was affected by the action of undermining political opponents by making unsubstantiated attacks on their loyalty to the United States.

When ten actors withheld on testifying in front of the House Committee on UnAmerican Activities(HUAC), they were slowly starting the beginning of the Hollywood Blacklist.. Those ten people were known as the Hollywood Ten. The ten were all members and workers in the entertainment industry in Hollywood at the time. The ten consisted of Sam Ornitz, Herbert Biberman, Edward Dmytryk, Lester Cole, Dalton Trumbo, Ring Lardner, Jr., Alvah Bessie, Albert Maltz, Robert Adrian Scott, and John Howard Lawson. The Hollywood studios were backing up them, but they were then sent to prison for a brief time, and the studios left them out to dry. Not only did they stop supporting them, they suspended and took away their pay. After this altercation, the famous Hollywood Blacklist came to life cto destroy peoples lives.

More and more people were being added to the blacklist. The people that were on the list were as stated, suspected of sympathizing with liberal or humanitarian causes, (Blacklisted. Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 2 Apr. 2014,www.biography.com/people/groups/blacklisted). The Hundreds of people that were included in the list were, screen writers, actors, actresses, directors, and many other people who were professionals in the entertainment business. During the early nineteen forties, Hollywood was encouraging the Soviets propagandas. They were being investigated by two senators by the names of Gerald Nye and Burton Wheeler. While investigating Hollywood, Nye and Wheeler were exposed by the Wendell Willkie, who was defending the Hollywood studios, Wendell Willkie, the lawyer who defended the studios, revealed the senators conflation of Judaism with communism, casting the senators as anti-Semites rather than patriots. (Perlman, Allison. Hollywood Blacklist. Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 9 Aug. 2016, www.britannica.com/topic/Hollywood-blacklist.)

The House Committee on UnAmerican Activities then started to monitor the industries that were affiliated with entertainment. The House of Committee on UnAmerican Activities, investigated disloyalty among fascists as well as communists,(Foner, Eric, and John A. Garraty. House Un-American Activities Committee. The Reader’s Companion to American History, 1991. SIRS Issues Researcher, https://sks.sirs.com.) They were first assembled on May 26, 1938, and was made official around the nineteen forties. During the monetization, several individuals were exposed by the House Committee on UnAmerican Activities through pamphlets and articles that were publicly published. Of the groups that supported, the American Legion was considered if not the most powerful, one of the most powerful groups. The American Legion was a group of U.S. veterans who according to the Britannica Encyclopedia, disseminated information about communist associations of media workers, and encouraged its 2.8 million members to picket movies made by people who had not cooperated with the HUAC. As the blacklist slowly came to an end, Hollywood retold the story of the Hollywood Blacklist through films like The Front and Guilty by Suspicion. These films helped show how much Hollywood was really affected by the blacklist, by the House Committee on UnAmerican Activities, by the American Legion and other pro-communist groups who tried to put a stop to the entertainment industry in Hollywood.

One of the major reasons for the whole Red Scare Movement and the Hollywood Blacklist is McCarthyism. In the Britannica site it states that the term McCarthyism came to place in the nineteen fifties when Joseph McCarthy was trying to expose communist infiltrators in different areas of the U.S government, (Achter, Paul J. McCarthyism. Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 25 Oct. 2018, www.britannica.com/topic/McCarthyism). McCarthy made many accusations about people, but as much people as he accused, he never won any cases in court. An example of one of his failures is the McCarthy hearings. The McCarthy hearings were televised hearings that went on for 36 days. During the hearings, McCarthyism reached its climax as well as its beginning of decline. During the beginning of the hearings, According to the same Britannica website, McCarthy questioned the Army, the question of whether the Army had promoted a dentist who had refused to answer questions for the Loyalty Security Screening Board. Everything during the hearings was going uphill all the way to the point where McCarthy claimed that the lawyer representing the Army hired an unknown person who was associated with a communist front group.

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