Chornobyl Disaster: Exploring Radiation Measurement After Fukushima

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Introduction. Details of the Event

  • The event is Chernobyl disaster.
  • Flawed reactor design caused it (Westmore, 2020).
  • It resulted in discharge of radioactive particles.
  • Mistakes made during testing.
  • Mostly affected regions include Europe and western USSR.
  • Deaths and health issues were witnessed.

Radiation Exposure Effects

  • Radiation exposure increased cancer risks.
  • Radionuclides released were around 50 to 185 million curies (Omar-Nazir et al., 2018).
  • Ionizing radiation energy affected DNA chemical bonds.
  • Long-term adverse health effects experienced.
  • Chernobyl disaster caused many deaths (Omar-Nazir et al., 2018).
  • Evacuation of humans.
  • Workers deaths (Toki et al., 2020).
  • High anxiety levels.
  • Poor health.
  • Unexplained physical symptoms.
  • Tumor development and other health issues.
  • Adolescents and young children suffered thyroid cancer (Toki et al., 2020).
  • Leukemia risks increased.
  • Cancer deaths were witnessed after the Chernobyl disaster.
  • Cataracts resulted from high doses of ionizing radiation (Omar-Nazir et al., 2018).
  • Individuals exposed to the radiations suffered cardiovascular disease.

Radiation Syndrome

  • Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) was witnessed.
  • Symptoms that indicated ARS include diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea.
  • 134 people were confirmed to have ARS (Abe, 2022).
  • Radioactive iodine exposure caused thyroid cancer.
  • ARS patients developed gastrointestinal or marrow syndrome (Omar-Nazir et al., 2018).
  • Deaths attributed to the ARS were also witnessed.

Radiation Measurement

  • Geiger counter used for measurement.
  • Doses of radionuclides and radiations were measured.
  • 300Sv/hr was the recorded fatal dose (Abe, 2022).
  • Challenges were encountered during measurement.
  • 500 roentgens exposed to those unprotected (Abe, 2022).
  • Radiation levels far higher than the estimated values.

Dose-Response Relationship

  • Leukemia risk reduced in recovering workers.
  • Thyroid cancer linked with the highest radiation dose.
  • Dose-response relationship was also evident in:

    • Renal failure.
    • Acute distress.
    • Bone marrow failure.

References

Abe, Y. (2022). Exploring radiation measurement after Fukushima: When media ecology meets citizen science. Metode Science Studies Journal, (12), 40-45.

Chernobyl Gallery. (n.d.). Chernobyl disaster: Radiation levels. Web.

Havig, C. (2020). Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Web.

Medhora, M. (2022). Advances in mitigation of injuries from radiological terrorism or nuclear accidents. Web.

Omar-Nazir, L., Shi, X., Moller, A., Mousseau, T., Byun, S., Hancock, S., Seymour, C., & Mothersill, C. (2018). Long-term effects of ionizing radiation after the Chernobyl accident: Possible contribution of historic dose. Environmental Research, 165, 55-62.

Toki, H., Wada, T., Manabe, Y., Hirota, S., Higuchi, T., Tanihata, I., Satoh, K., & Bando, M. (2020). Relationship between environmental radiation and radioactivity and childhood thyroid cancer found in Fukushima health management survey. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-12.

Westmore, G. (2020). Radioactive material: Truth and lies inChernobyl. Screen Education, (96), 16-23.

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